Research review example - 2093 Words

Example: Research review of a paper on the impact of pornography use in adolescence on relationship intimacy in early adulthood Please note that ethical standards of peer reviewing constrain me [JP] to give you the original manuscript. I also had to anonymize identifying information in the review. This review is meant as an example of the style used in writing a review; you do not have to understand all the details. Please note that this review is longer than the one you are requested to write. This is a highly interesting study on a timely subject, the impact of pornography use in adolescence on relationship intimacy in early adulthood. Based on Zillman’s programmatic piece about the â€Å"influence of unrestrained pornography† on†¦show more content†¦3-4), but on the basis of more elaborate theorizing. Second, why is pornographic realism a covariate (at least in the model tested)? From the quote on p. 4, it rather seems a mediator. This needs some clarification and elaboration, too. Gender differences The analysis of gender differences occupies considerable space in the analysis and discussion. However, a rationale is largely lacking why such differences need to be investigated. There is sufficient evidence that females use pornography less often than males do (i.e., gender as a direct predictor), but it is crucial to outline why the processes hypothesized may differ by gender (i.e., gender as a moderator). Methodological problems I would like to stress that any research on the issue of the study is admirable, given the enormous ethical, practical, methodological, statistical issues involved. In my evaluation, I take this into account. That said, I do have to raise some potentially unpleasant questions about the design of the study; operationalization of the key measure; procedure/ sample; and analysis. Design and operationalization of key measure The paper aims at testing a causal model, but relies on cross-sectional data. The paper outlines on p. 4 that the study includes a time component by asking respondents to indicate their pornography use at ages 14 and 17. Several problems arise. First, cross-sectional data do not permit causal conclusions related toShow MoreRelatedSample Research Paper1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe main purpose of a research proposal is to show that the problem you propose to investigate is significant enough to warrant the investigation, the method you plan to use is suitable and feasible, and the results are likely to prove fruitful and will make an original contribution. In short, what you are answering is will it work? A provisional way of presenting all the parameters of research in logical order is known as proposal-writing stage. Irrespective of some other motives such as financialRead MoreImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. Providing background information can help to demonstrate the importance of a topic, and can help to establish understanding of a subject or issue. An effective literature review also provides a space to elaborate on future work to be done on aRead MoreHow to Write a Thesis Proposal1055 Words   |  5 PagesState the tentative title of your proposal. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The title should give a clear indication of the topic being studied. EXAMPLE: From the thesis of Kimberly Manabat BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ It is in this section that you will orient the reader to the problem you seek to solve. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ What is the aim of your study. EXAMPLE: From the thesis of Kimberly Manabat Example: (Andrea Cervantes’ thesis) The state of secondary science education in the Philippines in the present is staggeringly lowRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreRole of Literature in Research1513 Words   |  7 Pages[pic]DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT THE ROLE OF LITERATURE REVIEW IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS A TERM PAPER PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE COURSE RESEARCH METHODS BY SIAW-ASAMOAH JOYCELYN Literature simply is a body of written works. It is what has been written to be investigated, thus an existing body of written works or knowledge on a chosen topic or problem area. The name is often applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions ofRead MorePsy 496 Week 2 Assignment Methodological Issues Article Review1104 Words   |  5 PagesPSY 496 Week 2 Assignment Methodological Issues Article Review Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/psy-496-week-2-assignment-methodological-issues-article-review Description Methodological Issues Article Review. Read the following articles, which can be accessed through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library: Evidence-based practice in psychology: Implications for research and research training. Practice-based evidence: Back to the futureRead MoreHrd Audit Literature Review683 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Review If you believe everything you read, better not read. (Japanese Proverb) [pic] What is a literature review? A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic in the past. Its purpose is to inform the reader what has been established about a topic and what the strengths and weaknesses are. A literature review must be defined by a guiding concept and should not be a list of all the material that you can find (Porter, S. 2008, p.49). What isRead Moreliterature review1550 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger research project, suchRead MoreA Research Study On Literature Review1131 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the stages in writing a research paper is the literature review. Since there is very little that has not been studied in some form, good researchers find out all they can about their subjects before they commence their own study. Not only is it imperative to acquire what is already know about the subject, but a literature review enables the researcher to identify what is not known or well understood (Lanier Briggs, 2014). By conducting a literature review, one verifies what else needsRead MoreTried And Tested:. 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Journal Article Review about Sigmund Freud Free Essays

Larissa J. Taylor-Smither. Elizabeth I: A Psychological Profile. We will write a custom essay sample on Journal Article Review about Sigmund Freud or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Sixteenth Century Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Spring, 1984), pp, 47-72 Larissa J. Taylor-Smither’s article, Elizabeth I: A Psychological Profile, researches into which factors determined Elizabeth’s position as an effective leader and how she achieved success in her reign, despite the odds stacked against her. The text seeks to understand why male attitudes towards ruling women still remained negative despite this successful reign of Elizabeth I. Moreover, it looks into her childhood and analyses how events shaped her development to make her into a confident woman ruling a man’s world. The key argument, maintained throughout the text, is that Sigmund Freud’s theory of the Oedipus complex was not fully completed by Elizabeth and so Larissa J. Taylor-Smither suggests that this led to unresolved issues therefore the subconscious psychological issues are what made her rule with masculine traits. Overall, I found it a simplistic article that doesn’t consider other psychological factors or theories that may well provide more substantial evidence to the findings as well as allow the reader a more balanced analysis of Elizabeth’s psychological profile. Taylor-Smither begins her argument by evaluating Elizabeth’s childhood between the Oral (0-2 years) and Anal (2-3 years) developmental years. It combines the events of Anne Boleyn’s death and the consequential lack of love from her father as the key reasons why Elizabeth could not complete her Oedipus complex development. In Freud’s interpretation of the theory he links it the development of the superego â€Å"which uses guilt to prevent continuation of incestuously oriented relationships. † Taylor-Smither then relates this to Elizabeth in that her being unable to complete the process she constantly uses the said guilt as a way of remaining out of conjugal relationships. It also looks into other aspects that played into the Oedipus complex being unresolved such as the change Lady Bryan’s (Elizabeth’s carer) attention when Edward was born. It is suggested that Elizabeth learnt the lesson: maleness is what counts, through this change in Lady Bryan’s responsibilities. Furthermore, the complex is unresolved as Elizabeth no longer has a satisfactory female model and therefore she is only left with masculine identification. The article also includes Karen Harney’s theory that without a suitable female role model Elizabeth developed a dread of pregnancy and childbirth as well as Anna Freud’s ‘identification with the aggressor’ theory; Freud suggests it could be a normal aspect of development in Elizabeth’s character or it could well be the outcome of unresolved Oedipal conflicts. The article continues to take interest in key aspects of Elizabeth’s life such as the Seymour scandal which, is said to have come about because when he married Katherine Parr, Elizabeth felt personal disappointment and was outraged by propriety, particularly as he proposed to her before the marriage. This became her first tentative exploration of male to female relationships however it led Elizabeth to disgrace as well as Seymour’s death. This had repercussions of her childhood and therefore it must be from this event that the article argues Elizabeth’s attitudes on marriage and childbearing had been decided. Mary I’s accession marked a great period of personal change for Elizabeth as Mary’s mistakes reinforced her humanism beliefs as well as her attitude on marriage. Elizabeth’s imprisonment in Mary’s reign proved beneficial as she turned to her studies and learned a cautious and dissembling approach to politics and diplomacy. Therefore, Taylor-Smither suggests Elizabeth ruled as the only way she knew how: as a man. Taylor-Smither also puts forward ideas that Elizabeth had an attachment to Henrican models as well as having intentions to restore religion as her father left it. There are also implications that she enjoyed her position of being in control of men however it is contradictory to the article’s view of how she feels about men. It suggests she has feelings of identification, love, hate, fear and guilt which are brought about with her interactions with other men, such as Robert Dudley, where once again Elizabeth suffered more disgrace in a possible relationship. The final area the article develops is that Elizabeth’s last years were marked by the loss of lifelong colleagues and friends. It again links to the Oedipus as the reason for her melancholia which â€Å"†¦extend[s]†¦beyond the clear case of a loss by death, and include[s] all those situations of being slighted, neglected or disappointed. † The article, overall, suggests it was the combination of drastic and emotional changes in her life that shaped her into the person and ruler that she became. It is also suggested that Elizabeth’s personal beliefs closely resembled her father’s; that she enjoyed her position of control over men as well as exhibiting masculine traits of dominance, aggression and fearlessness. These are all factors of the Oedipus complex and so are the actual effects of this incomplete process in its allowance for her to function comfortably on a masculine level. The article applies a twentieth-century psychoanalytic theory as a way of understanding Elizabeth’s development which is an interesting approach as this may well provide some new ground on what affected Elizabeth to be one of the most prominent monarchs in English history. The approach also maintains its depth by looking at her â€Å"psychological traumata at critical stages in Elizabeth’s life†. The combination of looking at a specific time of her life, her childhood which is when we are most impressionable, and combining it with modern theory should provide an accurate picture of how Elizabeth became the woman she was. However, the article only applies one modern psychological thesis of the Oedipus complex and fails to consult other theories, which may be relevant, on a regular basis. The structure of the argument reflects a sense that the author is trying to apply later events of Elizabeth’s life to the complex rather than the complex being completely relevant to the events in her life. â€Å"She was obviously suffering from melancholia, a depressive state linked in theory to Oedipal disturbances which ‘†¦extend[s]†¦beyond the clear case of a loss by death’†. This quote is a clear example of trying to place Elizabeth’s life in the Oedipus complex when in modern psychology there have been theories for suffering from melancholia at an old age because of the deaths of a partner or friends. The article does make the most out of primary sources that relate to the time period by using original letters and Elizabeth’s own work to interpret her psychological profile. There is quite prominent secondary sources that have been used to develop her own ideas and incorporate the use of other historians of this era, â€Å"†¦Scarisbrick calls Elizabeth ‘†¦the most unwelcome royal daughter†¦ in English history. ’† This is encouraging for the audience as they can see there is a wide range of material quoted as she also quotes other psychological sources. On the other hand, it is clear from the footnoting that there is more quoted for the historical context of the article than there is for the psychological aspects. There is only Sigmund Freud; the psychologist Erikson who focuses on childhood developments and Juliet Mitchel’s book: Psychoanalysis and Feminism. The article uses these sources effectively to strengthen her argument surrounding the Oedipus complex however they are not used often enough to maintain a strong argument. The article also fails to consult historian’s point of view on Elizabeth’s psychological profile which is a fatal downfall in the legitimacy of the article’s claims; it is these historians’ point of view and findings that will be able to make the article’s argument legitimate. Such as when Taylor-Smither argues that with the death of Elizabeth’s mother, Anne Boleyn, caused emotional and psychological issues within the Oedipus complex because, â€Å"as Elizabeth must have begun to experience hostile feelings for her mother and desire for her father, her mother was permanently removed through her father’s actions. This statement could then either be backed up or disproved by different historians as Susan Doran suggests that there were no physical signs of Elizabeth showing distress over the death of her mother and that her health remained good. She suggests that there was no emotional void. This then disproves Taylor-Smither’s ideas of the psychological and emotional imbalance in Elizabeth because the complex could not be completed. Whereas, David Starkey suggests instead that Anne’s death was a terrible blow to Elizabeth and that her father’s role was just as terrible as it became treason to even mention Anne Boleyn’s name. He also suggests that the silence Elizabeth held on her mother was the result of her repressing the trauma of the situation and that perhaps it was too hurtful for a conscious mind to acknowledge. His ideas on the situation then supports Taylor-Smither’s ideas on the Oedipus complex as both ideas are dealing with subconscious effects on Elizabeth and so Taylor-Smither could have used this to strengthen her argument and make her point clearer, particularly when the Oedipus complex has no physical or substantial evidence that proves it exists. The article also has a great understanding and depth of the main events that surrounded Elizabeth’s life as â€Å"it is unnecessary to examine all aspects of Elizabethan policy†¦Certain key issues will be highlighted. † Therefore, the audience is more accepting of the information and creates a strong argument as Taylor-Smither is focusing on depth and detail thus creating a legitimate argument. On the other hand, although there is depth the interpretations presented in the article is regularly one sided and offer no other possible interpretations that may be found. That subjects should presume to judge their sovereign was unthinkable to Elizabeth, who felt she was being asked to sanction an inverted order. † This is all the opinion Taylor-Smither has to offer and it is also nonsensical to presume that Elizabeth though this anyway as it is general knowledge that everyone is judged and that monarchs are exempt from this preposterous. It is also unrealistic to p resume this opinion as Elizabeth was constantly judged on a daily basis and not just by her subjects but by powers abroad too. Overall, it is a well written article that has great potential for influencing new ideas and ways of interpreting Elizabeth’s psychological profile yet the one greatest failings of the article is the constant need to apply all evidence toward one thesis: the Oedipus complex. It has fantastic primary and secondary sources to consult and strengthen their views however it doesn’t impress with the actual psychological analysis, as the Oedipus complex has no physical evidence to support its existence; all other psychological evidence is legitimate. To summarise, it would be a strong substantial argument which many would readily accept however it doesn’t use other psychological theories to its advantage. Nor does it consult enough of other historians’ views as they may not be psychologists but they ultimately understand Elizabeth on a high level and use their intellect to draw them to their own conclusions. Therefore it is a recommended and insightful piece into Elizabeth’s psychological profile however it is advisable not to accept all ideas and concepts within it and to question the article’s entirety. How to cite Journal Article Review about Sigmund Freud, Papers

Maggie May free essay sample

Rod Stewart, is a classic rock song that tells the story of a young man who was convinced to skip town with the girl of his dreams named Maggie. Now that hes left, he realized what he is missing out on back home and he blames her for making him leave but he loves her too much to abandon her. This story is told through the different music conventions that help tell the story, not through words, but through sound.For example, the form of the song is split up into four repeating stanzas and a coda at the end of the song. Each stanza tells a different part of the story with the coda gnashing off with how he feels about Maggie now. The medium of the piece is a standard band, guitar, bass guitar, drums, and vocals. But, what is unique about this piece is the dynamics of the instruments. We will write a custom essay sample on Maggie May or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Usually, the bass guitar is the background instrument while the guitar leads with the loudest volume; in this song the roles are reversed with the bass guitar having the loudest dynamic. This is used in the song to show the deeper feelings the writer has for Maggie because as the song has a fast tempo, duple meter it would seem that the man is happy which is how he portrays himself around Maggie, but he amplification of the bass guitar show his underlying feelings.The climax of the song is during the coda when he exclaims, Maggie, wish Id never seen your face, because he had been beating around the bush with trying to tell her how he really feels but finally he had enough and told her the truth. The musical elements such as the medium and the dynamics of the song are the most important in communicating Mr.. Stewards message because the bass has a sadder tone that would have been ignored if the bass played the role that it normally does in most songs. Because Of this, the song is better communicated to Rod Stewards audience.

Zinn Chapter 14 Essays - Industrial Workers Of The World, Business

Zinn Chapter 14 Upton Sinclair, Jack London, Theodore Dreiser, and Frank Norris, were some of the few who spoke for socialism or criticized the capitalist system. They wrote about how nice life would be if everyone were to work hard and share their riches. Fredrick W. Taylor worked in a steel company who came up with a system in which made workers interchangeable. He made them do simple tasks that the new division of labor required; calling it Taylorism. Taylorism with its simplified unskilled jobs, became more feasible. Working conditions in the factories were horrible. Accidents such a fires would occur. There were hat and cap makers that were getting respiratory diseases due to being exposed to dangerous chemicals that were inhaled. In the year 1914, there was 35,000 workers killed in industrial accidents and 700,000 injured. This led workers to go on strike for better working conditions, securing high wages, and shorter work week for its members, who were only skilled workers. Because of these w orking conditions, labor unions were starting to form. 80% of workers were part of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) which was formed by Samuel Gompers. The people that were in the American Federation of Labor were socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists all united and created the Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W.). Industrial democracy is one thing all people of the I.W.W. fought for. They wanted their message to be known and spread everywhere so they traveled, organized, and wrote where ever they could. The people of the I.W.W. aimed to organize any worker in any industry into this "one big union," undivided by sex, skill, or race. Women even started forming unions because they could not deal with the unfair rules hey had to follow. At one school teachers had to follow 10 rules, some of them being: "don't get married, don't dress in bright colors, and don't wear dresses more than two inches above the ankle." Two of the many unions were the Teachers League an d the Women's Trade Union League. They went on strike for change in their jobs which were being teachers, store workers, nurses, and switch board operators. Strikes were starting to multiply, in 1904 there were 4,000 strikes a year. Many Americans began to think of socialism when the government and military force sided with the rich. Labor problems had the chance of becoming solved, but resources remained in the hands of powerful corporations which commanded the government. Oklahoma was the strongest socialist state organized in 1914.